Faculty & Staff Training
“Every faculty member should take this class and go on this journey. I just don’t think it can be done in a weekend. It takes time and reflection with each new piece of information to allow the truth to sink in.” - Gordon, McCarter, Myers, 2016, p. 723
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Perceptions of Racial Microaggressions Among Black Supervisees in Cross-Racial Dyads (Constantine & Sue, 2007)
*See also Microaggressions & Education
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Unconscious Bias in Academic Medicine: Overcoming the Prejudices
We Don’t Know We Have
(AAMC News Sep 27, 2016)
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State of the Science: Implicit Bias Review 2016
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Implicit Bias Review 2014
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Addressing Whiteness in Nursing Education (Schroeder & DiAngelo, 2010)
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Why White People Should Care About Anti-Racism on Campus
(Huffington Post Feb 24, 2017)
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"Faculty and staff in academic affairs, student affairs, multicultural affairs, and other units on campus should be challenged to consider their roles as accomplices in the cyclical reproduction of racism and institutional negligence."
(Harper & Hurtado, 2007, p.21)
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Addressing implicit bias, racial anxiety, and sterotype threat in education and healthcare
(Godsil, Tropp, Goff, & Powell, 2014)
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Incidents of Bias in College Classrooms: Instructor and Student Perceptions. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 2(4), 219. (Boysen, Vogel, Cope & Hubbard, 2009)
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"The authors critically analyze the concept of cultural competency and propose that
multicultural education must go beyond
the traditional notions of “competency”
(i.e., knowledge, skills, and attitudes). It
must involve the fostering of a critical
awareness—a critical consciousness—of
the self, others, and the world and a
commitment to addressing issues of
societal relevance in health care." - Kumagai & Lypson, 2009, p. 782
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Reflections on cultural humility: Given the complexity of multiculturalism, it is beneficial to understand cultural competency as a process rather than an end product
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Faculty, preceptors & administrators can be REQUIRED to complete a reputable antiracism course that addresses power and privilege:
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National Conference on Race & Ethnicity in American Higher Education (NCORE)
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Crossroads Antiracism Training Workshops
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People's Institute Undoing Racism Workshop
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The annual White Privilege Conference (WPC)
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NAME (National Association of Multicultural Education) conference
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Training for Racial Equity and Inclusion: A Guide to Selected Programs (2002)
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10 things every white teacher should know when talking about race
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See Development of Personal Cultural Competence Among Educators section in Bednarz, Schim & Doorenbos, 2010, p.7-11)
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BOOK: Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice by Adams, M. & Bell, A.
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Step Up and Lead for Equity: What Higher Education Can Do to Reverse Our Deepening Divides (AACU 2015)
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Build you own Customized Resource Guide for yourself or your faculty/staff at Racial Equity Resource Guide
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Extensive Resources available at Racial Equity Tools
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Resource List compiled by AROM (Anti-Racism & anti-Oppression in Midwifery)
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Opportunities for White People in the Fight for Racial Justice
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Recommendations for Supporting Trans and Queer Students of Color. (Consortium of Higher Education LGBT Resource Professionals, 2016)
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Queer race pedagogy for educators in higher education: Dealing with power dynamics and positionality of LGBTQ students of color. The International Journal of Critical Pedagogy, 3(1),26.
(Misawa, 2010)
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Effland, K. J., & Hays, K. (2018). A web-based resource for promoting equity in midwifery education and training: Towards meaningful diversity and inclusion. Midwifery, 61, 70-73.
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Some considerations when working with LGBT students of color (Gay, Lesbian, & Straight Education Network)
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BOOK: Peace and Power: Creative Leadership for Building Community. (Chinn, 2008)
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BOOK: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: Strategies for Facilitating Conversations on Race (Hollins and Govan, 2015)
Interview with the Author
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See also Course Resources and Course Resources: Articles < < <
“Research participants explicitly described racism as a barrier to the success of students of color and called on white midwives and educators to embrace multiculturalism, antiracism and cultural competence to counteract the effects of racism on students of color.”
"In retrospect, it is evident that all the project participants, but particularly people of color, should have been better supported to deal with painful issues as they arose. In future workshops, the racial makeup of the participants should ideally include a cohort of people of color to provide strength in numbers and group support. In this project, only 2 people self-identified as persons of color. White privilege operates in groups, and in groups dominated by white people talking about privilege and oppression, people of color can quickly become isolated and marginalized."
(Schroeder & DiAngelo, p.252)
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Racial Microaggressions and Difficult Dialogues on Race in the Classroom. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 15(2), 183. (Sue, Lin, Torino, Capodilupo, & Rivera, 2009)
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Racial and Gender Microaggressions on a Predominantly-White Campus: Experiences of Black, Latina/o and White Undergraduates. Race, Gender & Class, 133-151. (McCabe, 2009)
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Coping with Gendered Racial Microaggressions Among Black Women College Students. Journal of African American Studies, 17(1), 51-73. (Lewis, Mendenhall, Harwood & Huntt, 2013)
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Racism, College, and the Power of Words: Racial Microaggressions Reconsidered. American Educational Research Journal, 50(3), 432-465. (Minikel-Lacocque, 2013)
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Perceptions of Racial Microaggressions Among Black Supervisees in Cross-Racial Dyads (Constantine & Sue, 2007)
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Critical Race Theory, Racial Microaggressions, and Campus Racial Climate for Latina/o Undergraduates. Harvard Educational Review, 79(4), 659-691. Yosso, Smith, Ceja & Solórzano, 2009)
Microaggressions and Health:
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The literature on microagressions and health (especially mental health and stress) is extensive. Here's are a few examples:
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Racial discrimination and racial identity attitudes in relation to self-rated health and physical pain and impairment among two-spirit American Indians/Alaska Natives. American Journal of Public Health, 99(S1), S144-S151. (Chae & Walters, 2009)
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Measuring multiple minority stress: the LGBT People of Color Microaggressions Scale. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 17(2), 163. (Balsam, Molina, Beadnell, Simoni & Walters, 2011)
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Equity, Race and Access to Midwifery Webinar Series by NACPM (CEUs available)
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Racial Equity Webinar Series by United States Breastfeeding Committee
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Mirrors of Privilege: Making Whiteness Visible by Shakti Butler (50 min)
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Inclusion and Cultural Awareness Webinar by the Association of Midwifery Educators (AME) CEUs available
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Gardener’s Tale by the CDC’s Dr. Camara Jones
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Segment excerpt from "When the Bough Breaks" - Kim Anderson’s story
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Segment excerpt from "When the Bough Breaks": Unraveling the mystery of Black-white differences in infant mortality
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Peggy McIntosh on her learning as an educator
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Relating it to Midwifery: The Invisible Birth Bag of White Privilege
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How microagressions are like mosquito bites by Fusion Comedy
Resources on this topic are plentiful, but white midwifery educators must commit time and effort to the process of
un-learning dominant cultural narratives
we have been taught our entire lives. The process of this
learning and unlearning is a lifelong commitment.
It will not always be easy, but it is critically important.
- Kristin Effland, LM, CPM, Site Developer